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Activation conditions of bentonite supports over gold-based catalysts for production of lactic acid from glycerol. Published: 16 March 2020. Volume 129, pages …
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The results indicated that mechanical activation was an easy and effective method for improving the catalytic activity of this bentonite-based layered composite and that A-Fe-P-Bet was a safe ...
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Dry method gave high values of free. swell to activate bentonite in which the value of the evidence of free swell index rea ched 26 ml/10 grams at a. concentration of 3% of sodium carbonate, while ...
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activation methods have been used for bentonite property enhancement (Barakan & Aghazadeh 2021). In our earlier work, the performance of acid-treated bentonite for the removal of sodium from water ...
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In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used ...
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The organically compounded bentonite could be treated by two different methods to obtain the final product: One is to obtain the organically compounded bentonite powder products by direct grinding to − 0.074 mm more than 98%; the other one is to be pretreated by mechanical activation way with high-pressure roll grinding (HPGR).
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Acid activation of clay minerals probably is one of the most effective methods that has been used to produce active materials for adsorption and catalysis purposes. Many applications of halloysite are conditioned by its lumen size, and the lumen volume is ca. 10 Vol% of the nanotube. Due to the different chemical properties of the tubes inner and …
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Activation of Bentonite Clay with H2SO4 and Study It's Cation Exchange Capacity for Methylene Blue Dye, Co(II) and Cr(VI) ... ASTM D1687-02, "Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water", Part ...
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Bentonite has layer structures and a potential to be used as solid catalyst by activation process. Three methods of activation process had been conducted,namely 60°C-heating; 60°C-heating followed by 1 week settling and 2 weeks settlement. Each method was performed in sulphuric acid and the chemical content of Al2O3 and SiO2 was observed.
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2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Natural bentonite activation Natural bentonite activation was performed by a two-step procedure based on the work done by Toor et al. [28], thermal activation followed by acid ...
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The result of the structural analysis showed that during the activation process, the structure of bentonite was not changed significantly and the surface area of the activated bentonite has ...
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Dry activation method was applied by using inorganic additives Na 2 CO 3 and MgO to improve the rheological properties of bentonite. The activation process was applied to the concentrated bentonite samples obtained as a result of grinding the WB, EB, RB, NB and UB samples and sieving with 150 μm sieve.
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We investigated three protocols including thermal activation (TA), acid activation (AA), and combined acid and thermal activation (ATA). The results showed …
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The different in values between studied calcium bentonite and reported in Ahonen et al. [1] because the author mentioned the most reasonable method to determine the plastic properties of bentonite ...
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The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were characterized with …
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Activated Bentonite clay examined by multiple characterization techniques showed good structural properties. •. Applied as a catalyst in esterification reaction show …
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The new method of bentonite activation, involving dehydration of clay at 300 °C, followed by rehydration with an aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3, enables easy preparation of Na- bentonite in two ...
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Abstract. The Kütahya calcium bentonite (CaB) from Turkey shows significant changes in crystal structure, chemical composition and porosity with H2SO4 activation realized by heating its acidic ...
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A bentonite from Kirkouk city region (Iraq) was activated with H 2 SO 4 at various ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 %). Due to ion exchange, the original (Ca, Mg, Na, K)-bentonite was converted to H ...
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Thermal activation, performed by heating clay in a specific range, is the most technically and economically feasible method for clay activation (Toor and Jin 2012). During thermal activation, water molecules, volatile organic compounds, and other impurities are removed with increasing temperature from the double-layer sheet of bentonite via a ...
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The optimum moisture of the bentonite samples for soda activation was found to be 40% in our preliminary activation studies on viscosity, swelling, and filtration loss. In soda activation, soda ash powder was added to the initially moisturized bentonite samples and kneaded till all the bentonite had reacted with soda. ... T., 1969. Method of ...
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The results show that acid activation leached out the Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions and increased the porosity of bentonite, thus elevating the adsorption capacity to 149 mg/g. Chinoune et al. (2016 ) prepared Mg(OH) 2 coated bentonite and found it is efficient for adsorption treatment of reactive blue 2 and reactive blue 19.
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Therefore, acid activation of bentonite could be considered as one of the excellent bentonite modification techniques, which significantly enhanced the sorption capacity of CIP. The wide availability of bentonite, simple modification method, and most likely low operating costs show that modified bentonite is a very suitable sorbent in …
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The alkaline activation processes we re carried out as follows: a 100g/L suspension of bentonite was prepared and kept under constant stirring, until it was completely dispersed. Solutions of Na
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A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na2CO3 of concentration corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay, was investigated. Structural and …
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Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact time (t), in the …
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A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na2CO3 ...
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SO. ) activation of the bentonite was conducted in a three-necked 0.5 liter. glass flask. Acid co ncentrations wer e prepared as 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 M. A reflux. condenser was attached to ...
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Thus, this study focused on exploring the interaction mechanisms between ciprofloxacin (CIP) (antibiotic) and clay (a low-cost adsorbent) during sorption process. …
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Chemical and thermal activation methods have been used for bentonite property enhancement (Barakan & Aghazadeh 2021). In our earlier work, the performance of acid-treated bentonite for the removal of sodium from water was reported (Musie & Gonfa 2022). ... Turkish Journal of Chemistry 27, 675–681. Al-Essa, K. 2018 Activation of …
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Chemical activation methods using acid or alkali may leave chemical residue and cause environmental problems (Barakan & Aghazadeh 2021). Thermal …
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A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 of concentration corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay, was investigated. Structural and compositional …
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The structural transformation and properties modification can be done by different treatment methods like chemical activation, mechano-chemical activation, intercalation, thermo-chemical activation etc ... H 2 SO 4 activation of bentonite affected catalytic activity by a combination of various factors like substitution of interlayer cations ...
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conditions: the ini tial chitosan co ncentration of 1 000 mg/L, the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH o f 4.9, 60. min of reaction time, and temperature of 30 ° C. The chitosan loading was furthe r ...
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3.1.4. Determination of BET Surface Area. The surface area of bentonite shows a significant increase with activation by acid. Measured values are 66.2 and 287.8 m 2 g −1 for raw and activated bentonite, respectively. Since this increase is a result of removing impurities, replacement of exchangeable cations, such as K +, Na +, and Ca …
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To calculate the required percentage of Na 2 CO 3 for a bentonite activation, the activation method with Na 2 CO 3 has been used. In addition, the calculation of the lye percentage required to activate given bentonite, specific methods based on stoichiometric calculations of Ca and Mg reactions with Na 2 CO 3 have been …
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