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To determine slag properties and the factors influencing these properties for optimization of operating conditions in the copper flash smelting process, the composition and microstructures of the quenched smelting and converting slags have been analyzed. Thermodynamic software FactSage 8.2 has been used to investigate the effects of …
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Spraying the deeply dehydrated powder concentrate from the top into the reactor at 1450–1550 °C during flash smelting. The advantage of flash smelting is that the decomposition, oxidation, and melting of sulfide can be accomplished quickly, generally in 2–3 s. The time efficiency and reaction completion of matting process are improved ...
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The flash smelting process is important in the production of non-ferrous metals from sulfide minerals. A schematic diagram of this process is given in Fig. 7.17. In this …
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Route 1: Flash Smelting (FSF) – Flash Converting (FCF) In the flash (suspension) process, fine particles of dry sulfide concentrate, and flux are injected with oxygen enriched air into the furnace in the form of a turbulent divergent jet. (Bryk et al., 1958). FSF requires dry feed charge, produced in this model with a steam dryer.
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In the 70 year history of the Flash Smelting process for sulphide concentrates [2], significant equipment development was needed in the completely new smelting concept, and specifically the novel smelting furnace (FSF) and its key equipment. Already from beginning, the very low use of external fuel and a superb sulphur fixation were evident.
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The intensified smelting technologies represented by flash smelting and bath smelting have been extensively used. Copper Resources. There have been over …
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Key words: flash smelting process; particle heating; mathematical model; high-speed jet; numerical simulation 1 Introduction The flash smelting has been recognized as a highly efficient and environmentally benign process for extracting Cu or Ni metals from their sulfides. In the past decades, the flash furnaces have been widely …
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During the industrial flash smelting process, the slag and flue gas carry 16% and 29% of the heat from the reactions in the furnace, respectively (Kojo and Storch, 2006). If the slag output ...
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A typical flash smelting furnace is shown schematically in Figure 1. The refractory-lined furnace vessel is composed of three sections: reaction shaft, settler and uptake shaft. In the flash smelting process, a sulfidic feed mixture is distributed through the top of the reaction shaft by a concentrate burner, where the correct design is vital ...
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Therefore, to accelerate the scientific and technological progress of lead smelting is important for national economy development. Some new lead direct smelting technologies, including Kivcet, QSL, Kaldo, Ausmelt/Isasmelt and SKS, were summarized. The technological process, main equipment and technical characteristics of lead vortex flash ...
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Flash Smelting: Analysis, Control and Optimization deals with the analysis, control, and optimization of flash smelting. This book explores flash smelting in general and Outokumpu and Inco flash smelting in particular, and also presents a mathematical description for the flash smelting process. A set of mass and heat balance equations …
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This paper provides a thermodynamic analysis of the copper flash smelting process which was done based on calculation with the FactSage thermodynamic software package. The purpose was to understand the effect of operational parameters on slag chemistry and elemental partitioning in the process. The results of the thermodynamic …
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Flash Smelting Process. Process Flow Description: Concentrates and other copper bearing material are blended and conveyed from two separate areas of the plant to three 464 ton capacity wet …
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The flow sheet of the Flash Converting process combined with a Flash Smelting Furnace is shown in Figure 1. The dried concentrate is smelted in the Flash Smelting furnace using high oxygen ...
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The flash smelting process has grown to be a major technology in copper and nickel sulfide smelting along with various bath smelting techniques. The attractiveness of the flash smelting is due to, e.g., its high on-line availability, high copper yield, low need of external energy, high sulfur fixing and small carbon footprint. From the ...
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Improving metal–slag separation in pyrometallurgical processes is increasingly important. Due to the harsh conditions, direct observations of the molten phases behavior in the settler of the Outotec Flash Smelting Furnace (FSF) are not possible and the ways to improve metal settling can only be studied by simulation and …
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During the smelting process, the speciation of arsenic is very complicated. Due to the micro "smelting pool" mechanism of flash smelting, the gas-solid-liquid phases are sufficiently interacted in the smelting shaft. This is also the reason for the high contents of copper and arsenic in flash smelting slag.
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Copper flash smelting process. The copper flash furnace is the main pyrometallurgical equipment for smelting copper sulphide concentrates. Fig. 1 shows a scale structure of flash furnace composed of reaction shaft, sedimentation tank and gas offtake (Chen et al., 2004).
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Abstract: Process control in flash smelting is based on mass and energy balance from which the operational parameters (oxygen coefficient, oxygen enrichment, and flux …
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Flash smelting process is an important step in the metallurgical process of production of copper blister (pure copper). Three different modelling techniques: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) were used in construction of metamodels and the obtained results were compared.
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A new process (direct reduction and flash smelting separation (FSS)) of treating high phosphorus iron ore (HPIO) is introduced in this paper. By limiting the smelting separation between slag and iron to the level of about 1 s, the reduction and migration process of P element was restrained, and the content of P element in the …
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Copper flash smelting is a relatively new process which has been in operation since the 70's and is a pyrometallurgical process used in conjunction with copper sulphide concentrates. The main key facilitators …
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The flash smelting process is widely used throughout the world for copper production, accounting for about 50% of global capacity for primary copper production …
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Metallurgy - Roasting, Smelting, Refining: Each of the above processes can be carried out in specialized roasters. The types most commonly in use are fluidized-bed, multiple-hearth, flash, chlorinator, rotary kiln, and sintering machine (or blast roaster). Fluidized-bed roasters (see figure) have found wide acceptance because of their high capacity and …
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This paper commemorates the 70th anniversary of Flash Smelting in April 2019 and gives credit to the inventors and users of the technology. Special thanks are due to (Boliden) Harjavalta Smelter and Outotec for their long-term contributions and strong commitment to the fundamental and applied research carried out in various Universities.
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The International Nickel Company's flash smelting process at Sudbury, Ontario, utilizes commercial oxygen (95 percent O2) to produce a 45-percent copper matte and an SO2 gas consistently over 70 percent concentration. The latter is known as an autogenous (self-smelting) process since no extraneous fuel is used to smelt the …
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The Flash Smelting technique was developed initially for the copper sulphide concentrates but adopted shortly thereafter for nickel, iron and lead sulphide …
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Process control in flash smelting is based on mass and energy balance from which the operational parameters (oxygen coefficient, oxygen enrichment, and flux demand) are obtained to achieve matte and slag …
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The following process modifications, presented in Table 3, in the different capacity ranges are proposed to be investigated prior to the final process selection. TABLE 3 Flash Smelting Process Modifications Copper production mtpy 10 000 - 25 000 Process Flash smelting and flash converting in the same furnace alternately.
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The lead flash smelting process is well-adapted to materials, and the lead content in the materials fed into the furnace can be 25% or less. The smelting process is divided into two steps: (1) rapid oxidation desulfurization of materials in the reaction tower by use of industrial pure oxygen (2PbS + 3O 2 2PbO + 2SO 2, finished in 3–5 s, with ...
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1. Introduction. As a main production method employed for extracting copper from its sulphide ore, the copper flash smelting process is widely used throughout the world, which accounts for about 50% of global capacity for primary copper production (Najdenov, Raić & Kokeza, 2012).The complexity and variety of the copper flash …
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Other articles where flash smelting is discussed: metallurgy: Matte smelting: Flash smelting is a relatively recent development that has found worldwide acceptance. It is an autogenous process, using the oxidation of sulfides in an unroasted charge to supply the heat required to reach reaction temperatures and melt the feed material. The most …
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matte. The Noranda process uses heat generated by the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. Additional heat is supplied by oil burners or by coal mixed with the ore concentrates. Figure 12.3-2 illustrates the Noranda process reactor. Flash furnace smelting combines the operations of roasting and smelting to produce a high-
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The effectivity of present copper smelting technologies have their roots in industrial and laboratory-scale experience accumulated over the past decades. Since early '60s, the tools for improving the processing conditions and smelting vessel design included scale modelling and manual computing of homogeneous multicomponent equilibria. The …
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Matte Smelting. The matte smelting technique combines sulfidic metal sources with a flux without the use of a reducing agent. In comparison to metal oxide smelting, matte smelting can be done at a lower melting point. Flash Smelting The flash smelting process combines the flash roasting and smelting operations into one. At …
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Keywords: flash smelting; process balance; copper metallurgy; FactSage 1. Introduction Currently, more than 50% of the world's primary copper is produced by Flash Smelting technology. There are two types of flash smelting: the Outotec process (~30 furnaces in operation) and the Inco process (four furnaces in operation).
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