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Increasing specific gravity was linked to increased long-term ballast aggregate durability. Trap rocks were also found to be more durable than granitoid …
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The size of the sample in the large-scale triaxial test should be representative to obtain accurate results and reduce the effects of sample size, especially that ballast aggregates have large particle size in the range of 10–50 mm [].There are two approaches used in the literature to identify the sample size of the large-scale triaxial test.
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Specific gravity of steel slag is found as 3.21 which is greater than the specific gravity of conventionally used aggregates as ballast materials. Due to its greater …
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Additionally, its lower specific gravity compared to other materials like magnetite and hematite allows for easy mixing with coagulant and requires less agitation, making it suitable for applications involving traditional mixing methods. ... Fig. 5 shows mechanism of ballasted floc formation, when PAC and ballast materials are …
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mixed with ballast aggregates inside a concrete mixer to ensure test. specimens were consistent. The fouled ballast was then placed in- ... b = specific gravity of ballast; G s: ...
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After a specified number of submerging and drying repetitions, the aggregate is sieved to determine the percent loss of material. The formation of salt crystals mimics the formation of ice crystals in the field and therefore can be used as a surrogate to predict an aggregate's freeze-thaw performance. SPECIFIC GRAVITY. Oven-dry (no water in ...
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Unbound slag aggregate use in construction. George C. Wang, in The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, 2016 8.3.2 Ballast and subballast. Air-cooled BF and steel slag have been used as railroad ballast and subballast products for a long time (NSA, 2015) and have proven to be excellent railroad ballast materials.. The railroad ballast layer is …
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Indraratna et al. proposed a new fouling parameter based upon specific gravity and gradation of fouling aggregates, which was named "relative ballast fouling ratio" [7]. Tennakoon et al. proposed a new parameter termed as "void contaminant index (VCI)" which covered the effect of types of fouling material such as coal, clay, sand, and ...
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Bulk SSD: Specific gravity measured under water saturated, surface dry conditions. Bulk Dry: Specific gravity measured under completely dried conditions. Apparent: Specific gravity not including the volume or mass of any void spaces within the aggregate particles. Absorption (%) Amount of water that can be absorbed by the aggregate. Ballast Rating
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density (specific gravity) shall be taken and verified against the AREMA minimum value of 2.6. 2.7 SOUNDNESS AND RESISTANCE TO ABRASION . The soundness and the resistance to abrasion of ballast aggregates shall conform to the requirements set out in the table below. Property Requirement Test Method Testing Remarks Soundness
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Specific gravity is directly related to the weighing property of the materials. Table 01 demonstrates lower specific gravity of the over burnt brick ballast aggregate which ultimately implies lower unit weight of the prepared concrete from over burnt brick ballast aggregate. The recorded unit weight of control mix M 0
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Overview. The coarse aggregate specific gravity test (Figure 1) is used to calculate the specific gravity of a coarse aggregate sample by determining the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. It is similar in nature to the fine aggregate specific gravity test.
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Specific Gravity The specific gravity of the coal dust sample was found to be 1.28, which simply meant the density of the coal dust solids was a rather low 79.9 pcf (1.28 g/cm 3) when compared to solid densities of typical soils and aggregates. These results were in accordance with the findings of
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Specific Gravity The specific gravity of the coal dust sample was found to be 1.28, which simply meant the density of the coal dust solids was a rather low 79.9 pcf (1.28 g/cm 3) when compared to solid densities of typical soils and aggregates. These results were in accordance with the findings of
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The study found that at Hongyun Quarry, Specific Gravity was 2.03, Water Absorption was 0.65%, Moisture Content was 0.2%, Flakiness Index was 21%, Elongation Index was …
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Specific gravity (also referred to as relative density) is the ratio of the density of a material compared to the density of water at 4 mat {degree C} 4 °C ( 39.2 mat {degree F} 39.2 °F ). People usually choose that temperature as it is when water is at its densest. The specific gravity equation is: Since the specific gravity ...
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This means that the weight of 1 cubic meter of 40mm course aggregate is about 1425 kg to 1475 kg (or 1.425 to 1.475 MT). Conclusions:-. The typical unit weight (or density) of coarse aggregate (10mm, 12mm, 20mm & 40mm) is range between 1425 kg/m3 and 1575 kg/m3, or an average of 1500 kg/m3. How much paint do i need for a 1000, 2000, 1200, 1500 ...
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Bearing in mind the common specific gravity values for coal, granite, and clay (0.8–1.3, 2.65–2.75, and 2.3–2.6, respectively), an equal mass of coal, because of its lesser specific gravity, can be contained in twice the volume of either granite or clay . This indicates that the quantity of coal fouling debris required to fill ballast ...
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The Specific Gravity - SG - is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of density of the material to the density of water at a specified temperature. It is common to use the density of water at 4 oC (39 oF) as reference - at this point the density of water is at the highest. Specific gravities - SG - for common solids and metals can be found ...
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Crushed stone aggregate between 4–16 mm was used as coarse aggregate. The specific gravity of crushed stone is 2.65, its water absorption rate is 0.9% and its natural humidity is 0.81%. Finally, the specific gravity of the WB aggregate is 2.67 and its water absorption rate is 0.7%. As can be seen in Figure 2, WB has an irregular …
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Heavyweight Aggregates for Production of Heavyweight Concrete. Heavyweight aggregates as it can be seen from the name is an aggregate that posses relatively high density and it is fundamental in a situation that high density concrete is necessary. Generally, aggregates with specific gravity of 2400 Kg/m 3 and higher are considered …
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In order to ensure supply of uniform quality of ballast, the following norms shall be followed in respect of sampling, testing and acceptance: 5.2.1 On supply of the first 100 cum, the tests for Size & Gradation, Abrasion Value, Impact Value and Water Absorption (if prescribed) shall be carried out by Railway.
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Ballast aggregate-Specific gravity: 2.72. Fresh ballast aggregate-Color: Gray-Water absorption: 0.56-Los Angeles abrasion a: 18.5%. Crumb rubber-Specific gravity: 1.10. ... The fresh ballast aggregate was initially subjected to a step-loading procedure (1 through 7 steps) by implementing 40 drops per stage to provide a specimen …
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Then, ballast aggregates were added coal dust at different percentages by weight and moisture contents to represent coal dust fouling in the field. ... who gave a specific gravity range fo r coal ...
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If this is the case, aggregates should be effective at scavenging suspended mineral particles from seawater. The aggregates in these experiments were quite effective at scavenging suspended ballast material. Five ∼600-μg aggregates removed 90% of the total 100,000 μg of illite inoculated into the 2 L of tank 7 in less than 48 hours .
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Ballast fouling results due to mixing of two distinct materials having large variation in particle size, particle shape and specific gravity. In order to evaluate ballast fouling there are several fouling scales presented by different researchers worldwide in compatible with their country's track conditions.
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Specific gravity is found as 3.21 which is greater than the specific gravity of conventionally used aggregates as ballast materials. Soundness value is obtained as less than 6%. The natural aggregate ballast used in the current study is obtained from the stock of the Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL), East Coast Railway.
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Ballast materials are high quality igneous or metamorphic rocks. In addition, their particle size, particle shape, ... Natural sand aggregate between 0–4 mm was used as a fine aggregate. The specific gravity of natural sand is 2.67, its water absorption rate is 2.65% and its natural humidity is 0.8%. Crushed stone aggregate between 4–16 …
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The apparatus for the direct shear test used in this current study consisted of a 300 × 300 mm 2 square steel box, 195 mm high, divided horizontally into two equal halves. The schematic diagram of this test set up is shown in Fig. 3.The ballast was placed in the bottom half of the shear box and compacted into two layers by a vibratory compactor to a …
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Abstract. This study investigated the concealed interaction between applied velocity gradient (G value) and ballast specific gravity (SG) in ballasted flocculation …
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Ballast 3,100 1.55 3,900 1.95 Crushed Surfacing Top Course 2,850 1.43 3,700 1.85 Crushed Surfacing Base Course 2,950 1.48 3,700 1.85 ... The specific gravity of the aggregate will affect the weight of aggregate in the completed mix. [2] Quantities shown do not provide for widening, waste from stockpile, or thickened edges.
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V1 = Initial void volume of clean ballast V2 = Bulk volume of fouling materials Indraratna et al. [16] Relative ballast ... which account for the influence of the specific gravity of fouling ...
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D 6473-10 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Rock for Erosion Control . 1004.03 DEFINITIONS . For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions apply: Clear Stone means a graded aggregate intended for use in drainage, backfill, bedding, and other applications.
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where e f, G s-f and e b, G s-b are the void ratio and the specific gravity of fouling material and ballast aggregates as listed in Table 1. M f and M b are the dry mass of fouling materials and fresh ballast. In this study, coal-fouled and clay-fouled ballast aggregates were prepared at three different levels of VCIs, i.e. 0%, 20% and 40%.
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Role of ballast specific gravity in induction of ballast content in aggregated floc. The specific gravity of ballast embedded in the floc structure was the …
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Again, because of the importance of ballast stability, the 1984 Canadian Pacific specification requires a maximum increase in weight of dry aggregate particles after …
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